{"id":309,"date":"2026-07-06T23:32:52","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T23:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnhus.org\/content\/?p=309"},"modified":"2026-07-07T00:51:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T00:51:31","slug":"jan-hus-church-reformer-with-an-ineradicable-influence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnhus.org\/content\/jan-hus-church-reformer-with-an-ineradicable-influence\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Hus: Church Reformer with an ineradicable influence"},"content":{"rendered":"

by Dick van Niekerk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jan Hus (1369 \u2013 1415) was a charismatic preacher who from 1402 onward often spoke twice a day in the famous Bethlehem Chapel in the heart of Prague. According to eyewitnesses he had a magnetic effect on his public. He knew how to win the hearts of his audience by consistently preaching in Czech. Hundreds of believers thronged daily to the Bethlehem Chapel. Amongst them was the wife of King Wenceslas, Queen Sophie, for whom a private auditorium was built within the church, with its own entrance so that she would not have to sit amongst the populace. Hus was also her personal confessor.<\/p>\n

The interest of the monarch did not prevent Hus, in addition to his usual exegesis, from speaking out against the wealthy clergy, the laxity of the church dignitaries and the efforts of the church to increase its wealth. \u2018These priests\u2026 are drunkards whose bellies rumble with drink and they are so greedy that they fill their bellies until their double chin hangs down\u2019. With such statements he put his personal freedom at stake, especially as he continued to question the leadership within the church. \u2018The Pope may only be Christ\u2019s deputy on earth when he is a faithful servant of the salvation of Jesus Christ.\u2019 In other words: if someone becomes Pope without directly being chosen by God, must he then be obeyed? Such questions would naturally provoke an explosive reaction by the threatened religious establishment.<\/p>\n

In all his works Hus returns to the Bible as the only living source for the issuing of directives and decisions within the church. He relied on the views formed three decades earlier by the English priest and theologian, John Wycliffe, the \u2018silent source\u2019 of inspiration for Hus\u2019 theological works.<\/p>\n

The treatises of Wycliffe<\/h2>\n

Hus became familiar with the treatises of Wycliffe thanks to his erudite companion Jerome of Prague, who in 1382 brought them from London to Prague when Richard II of England married Anne of Bohemia. Wycliffe, a great propagandist of the proclamation of the Word of God in the native language of the people, seems to have been influenced by Cathar-Bogomil beliefs.<\/p>\n

Hus translated Wycliffe\u2019s theses almost literally into Czech without a moment\u2019s thought about the source from which it came. Plagiarism was then an unknown concept. But in practice Hus took a more nuanced approach than Wycliffe.<\/p>\n

In this great church reformer budded a consciousness that emerged as a new religious way of thinking in which the balance between the God of the higher nature and the human being became a personal matter. It demonstrated the intense need that had grown viz. to live by the standards that are called in Czech \u2018Swet\u2019, which translates as \u2018primordial light\u2019 – the high ideals of the \u2018Imitation of Christ\u2019. In the good company of humanists such as Erasmus, Hus laid the basis for a Christianity in which man could follow his own conscience, and spiritual experiences were set above church dogma.<\/p>\n

Together his works also acted as a catalyst in a social struggle that would soon ignite the age-old conflict between authority and individual freedom,\u00a0between centralisation and decentralisation, between the ruling class and the people.<\/p>\n

WYCLIFFE: Everyone has the right to read the Bible<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

In the run-up to the Council of Constance, King Sigismund, who took office in 1411, managed to convince Hus – for the benefit of peace in his kingdom and within the church \u2013 to defend his position in the city of Constance. Hus agreed on the condition that the king would promise that he would not be harmed, that he would be granted a letter of safe passage, and that during his travels he would be at the king\u2019s side as a trustee. Hus prepared three impassioned speeches and seemed convinced that he could win the Council over with his vision. At the beginning of October 1414 he began his journey. At first there was still talk of travelling alongside the king, but Sigismund eventually arrived two months later. In truth, they would have had a hard time bearing each other: Hus, the severe ascetic and Sigismund, the power-politician living in Burgundian style. The supervisor, promised by the king was not present when Hus, cheerful and full of confidence, travelled to lake Constance.<\/p>\n

An exhaustive battle<\/h2>\n

Hus received a warm reception almost everywhere he stayed in Central Europe, however not in Constance. After a few days he was, by order of the cardinals, imprisoned in a dank room, supposedly so that they could come to listen to him. It became an attrition of many weeks of daily interrogations and backbreaking disputes with the College of Cardinals. Hus was served with the \u201945 Articles of Wycliffe\u2019 with the request that he renounce them. He renounced a few and he openly questioned whether some others were not incorrectly formulated by the interrogator. But he stayed unwaveringly steadfast to the underlying intention of the articles and to Wycliffe\u2019s church vision: Jesus Christ is the head of the true church.<\/p>\n

Hus was repeatedly asked to revoke his views. He refused, finding inner strength in John 8:32 (And you will know the Truth, and the Truth will set you free) which he translated in his own statement: \u2018seek<\/em> the<\/em> truth,<\/em> learn<\/em> the<\/em> truth,<\/em> love<\/em> the<\/em> truth,<\/em> speak<\/em> the<\/em> truth,<\/em> preserve<\/em> the<\/em> truth<\/em> and<\/em> defend<\/em> the truth until death.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Leviticus<\/h2>\n

King Sigismund intervened after several months. He let Hus know that if he did not distance himself from his own views, it would be impossible to guarantee his safety any longer. Sigismund ordained three public debates at which he himself would be present and for which \u2018top theologians\u2019 would be deployed. One of them, Johannes Zacharias from Erfurt, planned to \u2018catch\u2019 Hus on an irregularity in his interpretation of a few phrases from the Old Testament book of Leviticus. The theologian was the \u2018winner\u2019 of the debate and let himself be adorned with a white rose. He is regarded as one of the people who succeeded in committing Jan Hus to the stake.<\/p>\n

It was the most striking \u2018merit\u2019 of Zacharia\u2019s curriculum<\/em> vitae<\/em>, who after his death was interred in a mausoleum under the alter of the cathedral in Erfurt.<\/p>\n

Subsequently Sigismund withdrew his support of Hus. On July 6, 1415, during a plenary session of the Council in the Muenster church of Constance, the \u2018unrepentant arch-heretic\u2019 Hus, was condemned to death.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

O holy simplicity<\/h2>\n

When<\/em> the<\/em> flames<\/em> held<\/em> him<\/em> in<\/em> their<\/em> grip,<\/em> there<\/em> came<\/em> an<\/em> old<\/em> lady<\/em> who<\/em> hastened<\/em> to add a branch to the pyre. Hus called out \u2018sancta simplicitas\u2019 -O<\/em> holy<\/em> simplicity<\/em> –<\/em> and<\/em> gave<\/em> his<\/em> body<\/em> finally<\/em> up<\/em> to<\/em> the<\/em> fire.<\/em> Then<\/em> the<\/em> executioners<\/em> took<\/em> his<\/em> ashes<\/em> in<\/em> a<\/em> cart<\/em> to<\/em> the<\/em> Rhine<\/em> and<\/em> scattered<\/em> them<\/em> in<\/em> the river. This scattering was a \u2018damnatio memoriae\u2019 \u2013 an<\/em> act<\/em> to<\/em> erase<\/em> all<\/em> memory of the heretic. \u2018Is this your safe passage?\u2019 Hus scornfully asked as<\/em> he<\/em> passed<\/em> King<\/em> Sigismund<\/em> on<\/em> his<\/em> way<\/em> to<\/em> the<\/em> pyre,<\/em> causing<\/em> Sigismund<\/em> to<\/em> blush<\/em> heavily.<\/em> That<\/em> all-revealing<\/em> blush<\/em> of<\/em> shame<\/em> was<\/em> written<\/em> up<\/em> in<\/em> the<\/em> history<\/em> books<\/em> and<\/em> a<\/em> century<\/em> later<\/em> when<\/em> Charles<\/em> V<\/em> ordered<\/em> the<\/em> arrest<\/em> of<\/em> the<\/em> heretic<\/em> Luther,<\/em> he<\/em> referred<\/em> to<\/em> Sigismund<\/em> by<\/em> commenting<\/em> \u2018And<\/em> I don\u2019t intend<\/em> to blush\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

On<\/em> the<\/em> 30<\/em>th<\/em>\u00a0May 1416 Hus\u2019 friend<\/em> Jerome<\/em> of<\/em> Prague<\/em> met<\/em> the<\/em> same<\/em> fate<\/em> at<\/em> the same location. The Richental Chronicle states \u2018When they led him outside,<\/em> he<\/em> prayed<\/em> the<\/em> creed of faith. He then sang the litany \u201cChristus<\/em> vincit,<\/em> Christus<\/em> regnant,<\/em> Christus<\/em> imperat!”\u2013 Christ<\/em> conquers,<\/em> Christ<\/em> rules,<\/em> Christ<\/em> reigns)<\/em> and<\/em> then<\/em> prayed<\/em> the<\/em> creed<\/em> once<\/em> more.<\/em> He<\/em> did<\/em> not<\/em> make<\/em> a<\/em> confession.<\/em> Jerome<\/em> was<\/em> a<\/em> powerful<\/em> and<\/em> strong<\/em> man<\/em> with<\/em> a<\/em> thick<\/em> black<\/em> beard;<\/em> due<\/em> to<\/em> his<\/em> strength<\/em> he<\/em> stayed<\/em> alive<\/em> during<\/em> his<\/em> execution<\/em> longer<\/em> than<\/em> Hus.<\/em> After<\/em> his<\/em> execution<\/em> his<\/em> ashes<\/em> and<\/em> all<\/em> the<\/em> remains<\/em> of<\/em> the<\/em> fire<\/em> were<\/em> scattered<\/em> in<\/em> the<\/em> Rhine.<\/em> Many<\/em> learned<\/em> men<\/em> were<\/em> deeply<\/em> saddened<\/em> by<\/em> his<\/em> death<\/em> as<\/em> he<\/em> was<\/em> a<\/em> notable<\/em> master<\/em> of<\/em> the<\/em> free<\/em> arts<\/em> in<\/em> Prague,<\/em> London,<\/em> Cologne,<\/em> and<\/em> Erfurt.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div>\n

\"\"This article was originally published in \u201cFriesch Dagblad\u201d,<\/em> newspaper<\/em> for<\/em> Frysl\u00e5n,<\/em> The<\/em> Netherlands,<\/em> July<\/em> 7<\/em> 2015<\/em><\/p>\n

Dick van Niekerk is a researcher, journalist and editor based in the Netherlands.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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